502.509 - CIVIL LIABILITY.
502.509 CIVIL LIABILITY. 1. Securities Litigation Uniform Standards Act. Enforcement of civil liability under this section is subject to the Securities Litigation Uniform Standards Act of 1998. 2. Liability of seller to purchaser. A person is liable to the purchaser if the person sells a security in violation of section 502.301 or, by means of an untrue statement of a material fact or an omission to state a material fact necessary in order to make the statement made, in light of the circumstances under which it is made, not misleading, the purchaser not knowing the untruth or omission and the seller not sustaining the burden of proof that the seller did not know and, in the exercise of reasonable care, could not have known of the untruth or omission. An action under this subsection is governed by the following: a. The purchaser may maintain an action to recover the consideration paid for the security, less the amount of any income received on the security, and interest at the legal rate from the date of the purchase, costs, and reasonable attorney fees determined by the court, upon the tender of the security, or for actual damages as provided in paragraph "c". b. The tender referred to in paragraph "a" may be made any time before entry of judgment. Tender requires only notice in a record of ownership of the security and willingness to exchange the security for the amount specified. A purchaser that no longer owns the security may recover actual damages as provided in paragraph "c". c. Actual damages in an action arising under this subsection are the amount that would be recoverable upon a tender less the value of the security when the purchaser disposed of it, and interest at the legal rate from the date of the purchase, costs, and reasonable attorney fees determined by the court. 3. Liability of purchaser to seller. A person is liable to the seller if the person buys a security by means of an untrue statement of a material fact or omission to state a material fact necessary in order to make the statement made, in light of the circumstances under which it is made, not misleading, the seller not knowing of the untruth or omission, and the purchaser not sustaining the burden of proof that the purchaser did not know, and in the exercise of reasonable care, could not have known of the untruth or omission. An action under this subsection is governed by all of the following: a. The seller may maintain an action to recover the security, and any income received on the security, costs, and reasonable attorney fees determined by the court, upon the tender of the purchase price, or for actual damages as provided in paragraph "c". b. The tender referred to in paragraph "a" may be made any time before entry of judgment. Tender requires only notice in a record of the present ability to pay the amount tendered and willingness to take delivery of the security for the amount specified. If the purchaser no longer owns the security, the seller may recover actual damages as provided in paragraph "c". c. Actual damages in an action arising under this subsection are the difference between the price at which the security was sold and the value the security would have had at the time of the sale in the absence of the purchaser's conduct causing liability, and interest at the legal rate from the date of the sale of the security, costs, and reasonable attorney fees determined by the court. 4. Liability of unregistered broker-dealer and agent. A person acting as a broker-dealer or agent that sells or buys a security in violation of section 502.401, subsection 1, section 502.402, subsection 1, or section 502.506 is liable to the customer. The customer, if a purchaser, may maintain an action for recovery of actual damages as specified in subsection 2, paragraphs "a" through "c", or, if a seller, for a remedy as specified in subsection 3, paragraphs "a" through "c". 5. Liability of unregistered investment adviser and investment adviser representative. A person acting as an investment adviser or investment adviser representative that provides investment advice for compensation in violation of section 502.403, subsection 1, section 502.404, subsection 1, or section 502.506 is liable to the client. The client may maintain an action to recover the consideration paid for the advice, interest at the legal rate from the date of payment, costs, and reasonable attorney fees determined by the court and taxed as court costs. 6. Liability for investment advice. A person that receives directly or indirectly any consideration for providing investment advice to another person and that employs a device, scheme, or artifice to defraud the other person or engages in an act, practice, or course of business that operates or would operate as a fraud or deceit on the other person is liable to the other person. An action under this subsection is governed by all of the following: a. The person defrauded may maintain an action to recover the consideration paid for the advice and the amount of any actual damages caused by the fraudulent conduct, interest at the legal rate from the date of the fraudulent conduct, costs, and reasonable attorney fees determined by the court, less the amount of any income received as a result of the fraudulent conduct. b. This subsection does not apply to a broker-dealer or its agents if the investment advice provided is solely incidental to transacting business as a broker-dealer and no special compensation is received for the investment advice. 7. Joint and several liability. The following persons are liable jointly and severally with and to the same extent as persons liable under subsections 2 through 6: a. A person that directly or indirectly controls a person liable under subsections 2 through 6, unless the controlling person sustains the burden of proof that the person did not know, and in the exercise of reasonable care could not have known, of the existence of conduct by reason of which the liability is alleged to exist. b. An individual who is a managing partner, executive officer, or director of a person liable under subsections 2 through 6, including an individual having a similar status or performing similar functions, unless the individual sustains the burden of proof that the individual did not know and, in the exercise of reasonable care could not have known, of the existence of conduct by reason of which the liability is alleged to exist. c. An individual who is an employee of or associated with a person liable under subsections 2 through 6 or a person, whether an employee of such person or otherwise, who materially aids in the act or transaction constituting the violation, and who materially aids the conduct giving rise to the liability, unless the individual sustains the burden of proof that the individual did not know and, in the exercise of reasonable care could not have known, of the existence of conduct by reason of which the liability is alleged to exist. d. A person that is a broker-dealer, agent, investment adviser, or investment adviser representative that materially aids the conduct giving rise to the liability under subsections 2 through 6, unless the person sustains the burden of proof that the person did not know and, in the exercise of reasonable care could not have known, of the existence of conduct by reason of which liability is alleged to exist. 8. Right of contribution. A person liable under this section has a right of contribution as in cases of contract against any other person liable under this section for the same conduct. 9. Survival of cause of action. A cause of action under this section survives the death of an individual who might have been a plaintiff or defendant. 10. Statute of limitations. A person shall not obtain relief under any of the following: a. Under subsection 2 for violation of section 502.301, or under subsection 4 or 5, unless the action is instituted within one year after the violation occurred. b. Under subsection 2, other than for violation of section 502.301, or under subsection 3 or 6, unless the action is instituted within the earlier of two years after discovery of the facts constituting the violation or five years after the violation. 11. No enforcement of violative contract. A person that has made, or has engaged in the performance of, a contract in violation of this chapter or a rule adopted or order issued under this chapter, or that has acquired a purported right under the contract with knowledge of conduct by reason of which its making or performance was in violation of this chapter, shall not base an action on the contract. 12. No contractual waiver. A condition, stipulation, or provision binding a person purchasing or selling a security or receiving investment advice to waive compliance with this chapter or a rule adopted or order issued under this chapter is void. 13. Survival of other rights or remedies. The rights and remedies provided by this chapter are in addition to any other rights or remedies that may exist, but this chapter does not create a cause of action not specified in this section or section 502.411, subsection 5. 13A. Informational filing with the administrator. A copy of any suit or arbitration action filed under this section shall be served upon the administrator within twenty days of the filing in the form and manner prescribed by the administrator by rule or order, provided that all of the following apply: a. The failure to comply with this provision shall not invalidate the action which is the subject of the suit. b. The suit or arbitration action has not been filed in a record with the central registration depository or the investment adviser registration depository. 13B. Liability for takeover violations. Any person who violates section 502.321B shall be liable to the person selling the security to such violator, which seller may sue either at law or in equity to recover the security, costs, and reasonable attorney fees, plus any income or distributions, in cash or in kind, received by the purchaser thereon, upon tender of the consideration received, or for damages if the purchaser no longer owns the security. Damages shall be the excess of the value of the security when the purchaser disposed of it, plus interest at the legal rate from the date of disposition, over the consideration paid for the security. Tender requires only notice of willingness to pay the amount specified in exchange for the security. Any notice may be given by service as in civil actions or by certified mail to the last known address of the person liable. In addition to other remedies provided in this chapter, in a proceeding alleging a violation of article 3A, the court may provide that all shares acquired from a resident of this state in violation of any provision of this chapter or rule or order issued pursuant to this chapter be denied voting rights for one year after acquisition, that the shares be nontransferable on the books of the target company, or that during this one-year period the target company have the option to call the shares for redemption either at the price at which the shares were acquired or at book value per share as of the last day of the fiscal quarter ended prior to the date of the call for redemption, which redemption shall occur on the date set in the call notice but not later than sixty days after the call notice is given.
Section History: Recent Form 2004 Acts, ch 1161, §48, 68 Referred to in § 502.411, 502.510, 502.610