Gilster Mary Lee Corp. v. Industrial Comm'n

Case Date: 11/21/2001
Court: Industrial Commission
Docket No: 5-00-0659WC Rel

NOTICE
Decision filed 11-21-01.  The text of this decisiion may be changed or corrected prior to the filing of a Petition for Rehearing or the dispositioin of the same.

NO. 5-00-0659WC

IN THE

APPELLATE COURT OF ILLINOIS

FIFTH DISTRICT

INDUSTRIAL COMMISSION DIVISION

___________________________________________________________________________

GILSTER MARY LEE CORPORATION, ) Appeal from the
) Circuit Court of
Appellant, ) Randolph County.
)
v.) No. 00-MR-48
)
THE INDUSTRIAL COMMISSION et al.) Honorable John M. Goodwin, Jr.,
(Ella Joan Wydeck, Appellee). ) Judge, presiding.

___________________________________________________________________________

PRESIDING JUSTICE McCULLOUGH delivered the opinion of the court:

Respondent employer, Gilster Mary Lee Corp., appeals from the September 21, 2000,order of the circuit court of Randolph County confirming a December 7, 1999, decision ofthe Illinois Industrial Commission (Commission) entered following remand by the circuitcourt. On remand, the Commission awarded claimant Ella Joan Wydeck $189.34 per weekfor 64 1/7 weeks for temporary total disability and $170.40 per week for 40 weeks for thepermanent partial disability to the extent of 20% loss of use of the left leg. 820 ILCS305/8(b), (e) (West 2000). Previously, on February 24, 1999, the circuit court reversed theoriginal Commission decision entered on May 6, 1998, that had affirmed and adopted thedecision of the arbitrator finding that claimant failed to prove that (1) her knee injury waswork-related instead of the result of a normal degenerative aging process and (2) her currentcondition of ill-being was causally related to her employment.

The sole issue on appeal is whether the Commission's original finding that claimanthad failed to prove an accidental injury arising out of her employment was against themanifest weight of the evidence. We vacate the circuit court's orders of September 21, 2000,and February 24, 1999, and the Commission's decision on remand entered December 7, 1999,and reinstate the original Commission decision entered May 6, 1998.

On May 30, 1991, claimant filed an application for adjustment of claim alleging arepetitive trauma injury to her right and left knees with a date of last exposure of June 2,1988. She began her employment with respondent in 1979. On June 2, 1988, she beganhaving trouble with her knees. She denied having any specific instance of trauma such asfalling down, bumping, or hitting her knee. Claimant testified that she was a hand packer onthe food production line. She reviewed respondent's videotape of a production line at therespondent's manufacturing plant. She admitted that this videotape depicted a productionline similar to the one she worked on, with the exception that the line she worked on requiredthe employee to go underneath a "cartoner" apparatus in order to reach her workstation as apacker. Claimant testified that she would have to crawl or stoop to enter and exit herworkstation some five times during the workday: upon arrival in the morning, during hermorning break, during her lunch hour break, during the afternoon break, and at quitting timeat the end of her shift. In addition, if the production line broke down throughout the courseof the shift, she would then exit her workstation to retrieve packing materials. She admittedthat on some occasions, this occurred frequently, but on other days it would occurinfrequently, or not at all. She admitted that the stoppages of the production line were variedin nature. Occasionally, she would be called in on Saturdays to work a cleaning shift. Thatwork involved climbing on ladders, cleaning machines with air hoses, and scrubbing floorswith mops. She said that she would also have to clean metal walkways by getting down onher hands and knees if material was packed into the walkway. Prior to June of 1988, shenever had any problem with either knee.

However, as to prior problems, the medical records of Dr. David Vidal included officevisit notes revealing that claimant reported an injury to her left leg when she fell off theporch on April 13, 1970. There was an X-ray report of the left knee as well. In addition,there were numerous office visit notes in 1978 indicating problems with the right knee. There are other references in the notes in 1985 of problems with the right knee.

Randy Sherman, a supervisor in the same plant in which claimant worked, testifiedhe had worked in various other positions with respondent, some of which required that heactually perform the same job as packer that claimant performed. Sherman testified that thevideotape fairly and accurately depicted the same type of production line that the claimantworked on. The particular line that claimant worked on was no longer in existence. Henoted a difference in the packing job depicted on the videotape in that the production line thatclaimant worked on for a portion of her employment at respondent did require her to squator crawl under the machinery to reach her workstation. Sherman testified that on average,in his opinion, the claimant would be required to squat or stoop under the machinery to enteror exit her workstation approximately one time per hour. This estimate took intoconsideration the periodic stoppages of the production line. With regard to cleaning,Sherman testified that the Saturday cleaning shifts were rotated and that the frequency withwhich employees were required to work that shift varied. There may have been periodswhere they worked for several weeks in a row on the Saturday cleaning shifts, and there mayhave been weeks or months when they did not work at all on the cleaning shift.

Dr. Forbes McMullin, who saw claimant one time, and examined claimant at therequest of her attorney, testified that the claimant's employment aggravated her clearlypreexisting degenerative arthritic changes in her knees. He based his opinion on theclaimant's history of activity such as squatting, kneeling, and crawling to get beneath themachinery. McMullin admitted that the claimant's level of obesity would be a factor thatwould increase the pressure on her knee joints. McMullin testified that any isolated eventof bending over and crawling would be sufficient to aggravate her condition. McMullintestified that all of the factors such as claimant's weight and employment activities could befactors in aggravating her condition. McMullin did not testify to any threshold level ofbending, crawling, or squatting that would be sufficient to constitute an aggravation of herdegenerative arthritic condition. Each isolated event was a causative factor in the opinionof McMullin.

Respondent submitted the deposition transcript of Dr. William Costen, who testifiedthat there was no history of injury or specific stress that would cause an aggravation of hercondition. Costen testified that the claimant was simply stressing her knee with every stepthat she took, whether she was at home or at work, and that it did not make any differencewhere she was. He said she simply had deterioration of a joint with weight bearing. Costenreviewed the job description and testified that it did not indicate claimant had to squatfrequently. Costen also testified that he viewed the job description, and it did not appear thatthe claimant was exposed to anything more than just normal activities of daily living. Costenfelt that the claimant's condition, as found in the July 15, 1988, operative notes of Dr. NeillValdes following surgery to claimant's left knee, was perfectly compatible with anoverweight individual whose joint surfaces were beginning to wear out. Costen testified thatthe claimant's weight and height, as reflected in Vidal's office visit note of March 23, 1988,was 5 feet 3 inches in height and 192 pounds in weight. The arbitrator, in his decision,referred to Costen's testimony that claimant "was simply stressing her knee with every stepthat she took, whether she was at home or at work and that it didn't make any differencewhere she was."

The arbitrator reviewed the videotape and found that it depicted a production line, astestified to by the witnesses, at respondent's plant. It appeared to the arbitrator that theprimary function of the packers shown on the tape was to stand at the workstations and placepouches in boxes as they moved down the line. There was almost no bending at the kneesdepicted, nor was there any squatting or stooping involved in the actual process of packingboxes. The arbitrator noted that the claimant's testimony was not inconsistent with Sherman'stestimony that she would stoop or squat "perhaps one time an hour." The arbitrator foundthat the frequency of the exiting and entering was minimal on some occasions and greater onothers.

The arbitrator concluded that the claimant failed to meet her burden of proving thather injury was work-related and not the result of a normal degenerative aging process andclaimant had not established that her squatting and stooping activities rose to the level ofrepetitive activity sufficient to constitute an accident within the meaning of the Workers'Compensation Act (Act) (820 ILCS 305/1 et seq. (West 1998)). It was the arbitrator'sconclusion that this level of activity did not expose the claimant to any additional risk beyondthat to which she would otherwise be exposed in her average daily living, and the arbitratorfound that claimant's condition of ill-being was not causally connected to her employmentactivities but, rather, was the result of her obesity and the natural degenerative process ofaging. The arbitrator denied compensation.

As previously noted, the Commission affirmed and adopted these findings of thearbitrator in its May 6, 1998, decision. A review of the circuit court's February 24, 1999,order discloses that the circuit court simply reweighed the evidence.

As shown in Freeman United Coal Mining Co. v. Industrial Comm'n, 188 Ill. 2d 243,720 N.E.2d 1063 (1999), before giving deference to the Commission decision followingremand, the reviewing court initially determines whether the circuit court's finding that theoriginal Commission decision was contrary to law was correct. In the case at bar, the circuitcourt did not correctly determine that the Commission applied an improper legal standard. Different reasonable inferences could have been drawn from the undisputed facts. Whendifferent reasonable inferences can be drawn from the undisputed facts, the standard ofreview is whether the Commission's findings of fact are against the manifest weight of theevidence. Sorenson v. Industrial Comm'n, 281 Ill. App. 3d 373, 381, 666 N.E.2d 713, 718(1996). The circuit court improperly reviewed the original Commission decision de novoinstead of determining whether the findings of the Commission were against the manifestweight of the evidence.

When an original decision of the Commission is reversed because it is against themanifest weight of the evidence and a new decision is entered on remand, this court initiallyconsiders the propriety of the original Commission decision before reviewing theCommission decision entered following remand. F & B Manufacturing Co. v. IndustrialComm'n, No. 1-00-2931WC, slip op. at 5 (September 20, 2001). Here, we first consider thepropriety of the original Commission decision.

The Commission's original decision based its denial of benefits on the determinationsthat the evidence failed to establish that (1) claimant suffered an accidental injury arising outof and in the course of her employment with respondent and (2) her current condition of ill-being was causally related to her employment with respondent. No issue is raised in thisappeal concerning the Commission's finding that the evidence did not establish thatclaimant's current condition of ill-being was causally related to her employment.

Claimant has the burden of proving, by a preponderance of the credible evidence, thatthe alleged injury arose out of and in the course of her employment with respondent. Claimant must prove that the injury was work-related and not the result of normaldegenerative aging processes. Cassens Transport Co. v. Industrial Comm'n, 262 Ill. App.3d 324, 330-31, 633 N.E.2d 1344, 1348-49 (1994).

Aggravation or acceleration of a preexisting condition is compensable unless theclaimant's health had deteriorated to the point that any normal daily activity is anoverexertion or the employment activity engaged in presented no greater risks to the claimantthan those to which the general public is exposed. Caterpillar Tractor Co. v. IndustrialComm'n, 92 Ill. 2d 30, 36, 440 N.E.2d 861, 864 (1982); Cassens Transport Co., 262 Ill. App.3d at 331, 633 N.E.2d at 1349.

Whether the accidental injury arose out of claimant's employment with respondent isa factual determination for the Commission. Cassens Transport Co., 262 Ill. App. 3d at 331,633 N.E.2d at 1349. In determining whether a finding of fact of the Commission is againstthe manifest weight of the evidence, "[t]he test is not whether this or any other tribunal mightreach the opposite conclusion, but whether there was sufficient factual evidence in the recordto support the Commission's determination." Beattie v. Industrial Comm'n, 276 Ill. App. 3d446, 450, 657 N.E.2d 1196, 1199 (1995). The determinations of the credibility of thewitnesses and the weight to be accorded the evidence are the province of the Commission. Dillon v. Industrial Comm'n, 195 Ill. App. 3d 599, 607, 552 N.E.2d 1082, 1087 (1990). Thisis particularly true in regard to medical testimony. Dexheimer v. Industrial Comm'n, 202 Ill.App. 3d 437, 442-43, 559 N.E.2d 1034, 1037 (1990).

The arbitrator stated the following:

"Petitioner has not established that her squatting and stooping activities rise tothe level of repetitive activities sufficient to constitute an accident within the meaningof the Act. Petitioner testified on some occasions that she was required to do moresquatting and stooping than others. Her testimony was not inconsistent with that ofRandy Sherman[][,] who opined that on average she would be required to squat orstoop perhaps one time per hour. It is the arbitrator's conclusion that this level ofactivity does not expose the petitioner to any additional risk beyond that to which shewould otherwise be exposed in her average daily living. The petitioner's condition ofill-being is not causally connected to her employment activities[] but rather is theresult of her obesity and the natural degenerative process of aging."

The Commission, in adopting the arbitrator's decision, found that the stooping,bending, kneeling, and crawling that claimant was required to do to enter and exit herworkstation did not expose her to a risk "beyond that to which she would be exposed in heraverage daily living."

If an employee is injured as a result of a hazard to which the employee would havebeen equally exposed apart from employment, the injury is not compensable. CaterpillarTractor Co. v. Industrial Comm'n, 129 Ill. 2d 52, 59, 541 N.E.2d 665, 667 (1989). If theemployee is exposed to a risk to a greater degree than is the general public, the injury willbe considered to have arisen out of the employment. O'Fallon School District No. 90 v.Industrial Comm'n, 313 Ill. App. 3d 413, 416, 729 N.E.2d 523, 525-26 (2000).

In its March 4, 1999, order, reversing the Commission, the circuit court apparentlyconcluded that the testimony of Dr. McMullin was more credible than the testimony of Dr.Costen. Each of these doctors only saw claimant on one occasion. Although Dr. McMullinrecommended that claimant return to him within a month for reevaluation, she did not. Whenthe credibility of witnesses is a determining issue, a question of fact remains and de novoreview is inappropriate.

The resolution of the credibility of witnesses, including medical testimony, is solelythe province of the Commission. Fickas v. Industrial Comm'n, 308 Ill. App. 3d 1037, 1041,721 N.E.2d 1165, 1169 (1999). In Prairie Farms Dairy v. Industrial Comm'n, 279 Ill. App.3d 546, 551, 664 N.E.2d 1150, 1153 (1996), this court admonished the circuit court not tosubstitute its judgment for that of the Commission.

We vacate the orders of the circuit court of Randolph County entered February 24,1999, and September 21, 2000, and the Commission decision entered on remand onDecember 7, 1999, and we reinstate the Commission's original decision entered May 6, 1998.

Circuit court orders vacated; Commission decision on remand vacated; originalCommission decision reinstated.

HOFFMAN, O'MALLEY, HOLDRIDGE, and RARICK, JJ., concur.