State of NH v. Adams

Case Date: 11/13/1998
Court: United States Court of Appeals
Docket No: 98-1244

United States Court of Appeals
For the First Circuit





No. 98-1244


STATE OF NEW HAMPSHIRE
(DEPARTMENT OF CORRECTIONS AND DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION),

Petitioner, Appellee,

v.

MARC ADAMS,

Respondent, Appellant.



APPEAL FROM THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT

FOR THE DISTRICT OF NEW HAMPSHIRE

[Hon. Steven J. McAuliffe, U.S. District Judge]



Before

Selya, Circuit Judge,

Aldrich and Coffin, Senior Circuit Judges.



Jon Meyer, with whom Backus, Meyer, Solomon, Rood & Branch,
Peter S. Smith, and Disabilities Rights Center were on brief, for
appellant.
Nancy J. Smith, Assistant Attorney General, with whom Philip
T. McLaughlin, Attorney General, was on brief, for appellee.





November 12, 1998



SELYA, Circuit Judge. After the district court denied
Marc Adams' application for attorneys' fees on the ground that he
had not prevailed in proceedings under the Individuals with
Disabilities Education Act (IDEA), 20 U.S.C.  1400-1485, Adams
launched this appeal. We affirm.
I. BACKGROUND
In 1991, a New Hampshire state court sentenced Adams to
15-to-30 years in the state penitentiary for manslaughter. After
Adams began serving his sentence (at age 20), he pointed to a
learning disability, alleged a denial of his entitlement to a free
and appropriate public education (FAPE) under the IDEA, and
requested a due process hearing. Prior to the hearing, the parties
reached an accord, embodied in a consent decree (the Decree)
entered by the hearing officer. The Decree confirmed Adams'
entitlement to a FAPE and obligated the school district in which
the prison was located to develop an individualized education
program (IEP) for each year of a two-year span (apparently
compensating for a period during which Adams had not received a
FAPE). The IEP took effect early in 1993. The burden of
implementation fell on the State.
When the parties framed the IEP, Adams was classified by
correctional authorities as a moderately high-risk (C-4) inmate and
housed accordingly. This classification permitted full
implementation of his IEP. Adams thereafter committed a series of
disciplinary infractions, resulting in a change of classification
to C-5 (maximum security risk) and placement in the prison's secure
housing unit (SHU). Inmates housed in the SHU are subject to
severe constraints on movement (e.g., they are permitted neither
to interact with convicts in other classifications nor to leave the
SHU except for medical emergencies and other exigencies). On the
infrequent occasions when they do depart the SHU, C-5 inmates are
handcuffed, shackled, and accompanied by guards. Thus, although
the IEP entitled Adams to 5